What law established the federal court system and empowered the judiciary?

• A. Proclamation of Neutrality 1793
• B. National Bank
• C. Whiskey Rebellion
• D. Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer: (D)

The question is about how the federal court system was created and given authority. After the Constitution was ratified, it set up a national judiciary in broad terms, but the specific structure and powers came from legislation. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the three levels of federal courts—district courts for trials, circuit courts for appeals, and the Supreme Court—and defined their jurisdictions and duties. This act provided the functional framework that empowered the judiciary to interpret and enforce federal law, making the federal court system work. The other options refer to policies or events unrelated to building the court system.