Passed by southern states to reduce the newly won freedom of Black Americans.

• A. Black Codes
• B. 13th Amendment
• C. 14th Amendment
• D. Freedmen's Bureau

Answer: (D)

After emancipation, Southern states used Black Codes to curb the freedoms newly won by Black Americans. These laws varied by state but shared a common goal: keep Black people in a subordinate position by limiting their rights to move freely, vote, own property, and pursue independent work. They also used tactics like vagrancy and labor-contract requirements to force Black workers into controlled labor, effectively echoing the old system of slavery in practice.

In contrast, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, and the Freedmen's Bureau was a federal agency created to assist freed people with food, housing, education, and legal support. Because the statement describes state laws aimed at restricting Black freedom, the concept that fits it best is Black Codes.